Clay found in bauxite deposits helps produce low-carbon cement

One promising solution is calcium sulphoaluminate cement, in which a large portion of the limestone is replaced by bauxite. However, bauxite is a sought-after raw material in aluminum production and is not available in unlimited quantities.

The alternative to the alternative is, thus, not using pure bauxite but rather an overburden: Belterra clay.

“This layer of clay can be up to 30 metres thick and covers the bauxite deposits in the tropical regions of the Earth, for example in the Amazon basin,” Herbert Pöllmann, co-author of the study, said in a media statement. “It contains enough minerals with an aluminum content to ensure good quality cement. It is also available in large quantities and can be processed without additional treatment.” 

According to Pöllmann, another advantage is that Belterra clay has to be removed anyway, so it does not have to be extracted only for cement production. 

In the study, the researcher and his colleagues explain that even though cement cannot be entirely produced without calcium carbonate, at least 50% to 60% of the limestone can be replaced by Belterra clay. 

Another advantage of this process is that burning only requires 1,250 degrees Celsius – 200 degrees Celsius, which is less than for Portland cement. 

“Our method not only releases less CO2 during the chemical conversion but also when heating the rotary kilns”, Pöllmann said. “By coupling these effects, CO2 emissions can be reduced by up to two-thirds during cement production.”

In extensive laboratory tests, the mineralogists were able to prove that their alternative cement meets all the quality requirements placed on traditional Portland cement.